HSV for tumour lysis
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Interactions between HSV and HIV

Presented by S Barton, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.

There is a bilateral synergy between HIV and herpes simplex virus (HSV). Individuals with prior genital HSV infection have an increased risk of acquisition of HIV infection from an HIV-infected partner. Furthermore, individuals infected by HIV who also have genital herpes, appear to have a greater risk of transmitting HIV to an uninfected sexual partner. Individuals with HIV infection who become immunosuppressed with a falling CD4+ count may develop prolonged or severe clinical manifestations of mucocutaneous HSV infection, which is an AIDS diagnostic criteria. Individuals who are immunosuppressed have been reported as developing HSV clinical manifestations with virus resistant to nucleoside analogues. These include thymidine kinase negative mutations, which convey resistance to aciclovir, valaciclovir and famciclovir. An array of clinical management approaches has been described in the literature, from cessation of therapy and topical treatment with agents such as foscarnet, to systemic treatment with agents such as cidofovir or even immune response modifiers such as imiquimod. Clinical guidelines for the management of suspected cases of resistant HSV in immunosuppressed individuals will be presented. There is further interaction between HIV and HSV in co-infected individuals which may create more rapid progression of HIV-related disease due to increased viral replication and immunosuppression. Details of these cellular and immunological effects will be presented. In summary there are clinical and epidemiological as well as intracellular interactions between HIV and HSV. It is clear that a better understanding of the natural history of each infection and how they interact may be pivotal to developing preventative and treatment strategies for both viruses.


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